Most winter crops remained adequately insulated from bitter cold
by a moderate to deep snowpack.
Across eastern Ukraine and Russia, a moderate to deep
snowpack (5-40 cm) protected dormant winter wheat from night time lows below
-20°C.
However, wheat areas in northern Ukraine were under a shallow,
patchy snow cover (2-5 cm), and were likely exposed to some burnback or
possibly even winterkill.
Precipitation, which fell in the form of rain and snow, totalled
10 to 50 mm (liquid equivalent) in southern portions of the region, but was lighter
(less than 10 mm) elsewhere.